pbzip2 いいね、やっぱり。Q6700 で実行しました。

>/usr/bin/time bzip2 -k -9 hoge
      214.12 real       210.31 user         1.88 sys
>/usr/bin/time pbzip2 -k -9 hoge
       72.43 real       234.54 user         8.30 sys
>/usr/bin/time pbzip2 -r -k -9 hoge
       87.52 real       228.95 user         2.95 sys
>ls -l hoge*
-rw-r-----  1 root  mail  842616946 Apr 14 12:45:19 2010 hoge
-rw-r-----  1 root  mail  270898605 Apr 14 12:45:19 2010 hoge.bzip2
-rw-r-----  1 root  mail  271575408 Apr 14 12:45:19 2010 hoge.pbzip2
-rw-r-----  1 root  mail  270997032 Apr 14 12:45:19 2010 hoge.pbzip2-r
>

しかし、real/user/sys がそれぞれ特徴的なのが面白い。

Learning materials mentioned in the thread "Books for the noc guys ..." at NANOG list. (ほとんどの本を読んだことがないので、以下の感想はすべて description や目次からの類推です。)

Overall networkworking/IP ideas

How Internet Infrastructure Works

In this article, you will learn about the basic underlying structure of the Internet. You will learn about domain name servers, network access points and backbones. But first you will learn about how your computer connects to others.

(すごく基本的な記事。インターネットとはなんぞや、というレベル。)

Network Warrior: Everything you need to know that wasn't on the CCNA exam
(2007.06.01 576p $29.69)

Network Warrior provides a thorough and practical introduction to the entire network infrastructure, from cabling to the routers. Network Warrior takes you step by step through the world of hubs, switches, firewalls, and more, including ways to troubleshoot a congested network, and when to upgrade and why.

(何人かからお勧めされてた。確かに CCNA ぐらいだと実際の運用には足りないので、そこからもうワンステップ先に進むための書籍として適当っぽい。)

Understanding protocols

The TCP/IP Guide: A Comprehensive, Illustrated Internet Protocols Reference
(2005.10.01 1616p $50.38)

The TCP/IP Guide is both an encyclopedic and comprehensible guide to the TCP/IP protocol suite that will appeal to newcomers and the seasoned professional. It details the core protocols that make TCP/IP internetworks function, and the most important classical TCP/IP applications. Its personal, easy-going writing style lets anyone understand the dozens of protocols and technologies that run the Internet, with full coverage of PPP, ARP, IP, IPv6, IP NAT, IPSec, Mobile IP, ICMP, RIP, BGP, TCP, UDP, DNS, DHCP, SNMP, FTP, SMTP, NNTP, HTTP, Telnet and much more.

(ネットワークの提供者(ex. ISP)も、結局その土管をどんなプロトコル、アプリケーションが通ってるかを理解しないとトラブルシューティングできない場面が結構多い。そういう意味で様々なプロトコルを総覧的に解説している本書は有用だろう。)

TCP/IP Illustrated Volumes 1-3 Boxed Set (v. 1-3)
(2001.11.27 2152p $128.69)

Focuses on implementation issues. Authors use real working code, together with pictures and descriptions of all data structures and algorithms to help the reader master the TCP/IP protocol suite. Three volume set. Volume 1: The Protocols; TCP/IP Illustrated, Volume 2: The Implementation; TCP/IP Illustrated, Volume 3: TCP for Transactions, HTTP, NNTP, and the UNIX. Domain Protocols.

(持ってるけど、ネットワーク管理にはちょっとやり過ぎだと思う。特に Volume 2 は実装をするのでなければ必要になる場面はすごく限られてる。Volume 1 の内容は理解はしておきたいところ。)

The Illustrated Network: How TCP/IP Works in a Modern Network
(2008.12.09 832p $63.96)

A brilliant and unfettered look at modern networking, this book is the true descendant of Richard Stevens' seminal work, TCP/IP Illustrated.

(TCP/IP Illustrated Volume 1 の "true descendant" っぽい。おおよそ一般的なプロトコル(じゃないのも含まれてるけど)は解説されてるっぽい。比較的新しいだけあって MPLS や VoIP、IPSec、SSH なども解説されてる。これも2人くらいからお勧めされてた。)

Network Analysis and Troubleshooting
(1999.12.24 357p $33.86)

This book is aimed at those responsible for maintaining the efficiency and integrity of their network infrastructure on a day-to-day basis. Although not covering every conceivable networking topology and protocol, the book offers a general approach for readers to focus on to identify and solve problems at the various layers of infrastructure. This book uses a "bottom-up" approach structured around the seven-layer OSI model that can be generalized and applied to many different situations.

(10年以上前の本なので正直少し古すぎる。とはいえ、本書の主要な部分はプロトコルの解説なのであんまり関係ないかも。)

Router/Routing practice

Practical BGP
(2004.07.16 448p $36.14)

Now there's a practical guide to deploying and managing BGPv4 in any environment--from small enterprises to the largest Tier 2 and Tier 3 service providers. Coverage includes / Best practices and diverse real-world scenarios for applying BGPv4 / Understanding the impact of BGP design on local networks and the global Internet backbone / Building effective BGP policies: aggregation, propagation, accounting, and more / Maximizing scalability and performance in BGPv4 networks / BGP and network security, including Secure Origin BGP / Deploying BGP/MPLS Layer 3 VPNs / Extensive troubleshooting guidance unavailable in any other book.

(BGP に絞った解説書。実際 BGP をヘビーに使わなきゃならない状況っていうのはそんなに多くないので読者は絞られそうだけど、一方読者が少ないだけあって、BGP の実際的な解説書は少ない (プロトコルの解説書はたくさんあるけど)。そういう意味で、Tier 2/3 の ISP の技術者まで対象とした本書は貴重。若干古いのが気になるけど。)

Router Security Strategies: Securing IP Network Traffic Planes
(2008.01.08 672p $51.90)

Router Security Strategies: Securing IP Network Traffic Planes provides a compre-hensive approach to understand and implement IP traffic plane separation and protection on IP routers. This book details the distinct traffic planes of IP networks and the advanced techniques necessary to operationally secure them. This includes the data, control, management, and services planes that provide the infrastructure for IP networking.

(2,3人からお勧めされてた。)

The Practice of System and Network Administration, Second Edition
(2007.07.15 1056p $42.67)

The first edition of The Practice of System and Network Administration introduced a generation of system and network administrators to a modern IT methodology. Whether you use Linux, Unix, or Windows, this newly revised edition describes the essential practices previously handed down only from mentor to protégé.

(ネットワーキングだけじゃなく、システム管理全般について言及している。)

Cisco Network Professional's Advanced Internetworking Guide (CCNP Series)
(2009.05.11 888p $62.99)

The topics covered will be more in depth than other introductory-level books of similar topics, and will span from layer 2 technologies such as switching, STP, etherchannel, and trunking, all the way to application layer security topics such as firewall inspection and intrusion prevention systems. Items being covered in the middle will include all the common routing protocols RIP, EIGRP, OSPF and BGP. Many other routing technologies and WAN protocols will be covered including Multicast, MPLS, Cable and DSL.

(おおよそ企業網(内部接続、外部接続)、小規模ISPなどで使われるプロトコルは L3 だけじゃなくて L2 も含め網羅されてる。ただ、この手のほんの宿命か、それらのプロトコルをどう組み合わせてどのようなネットワークを作る、といった実際の構築のところまでは踏み込んでいない(っぽい)のが残念。)

Focusing more on troubleshooting

Troubleshooting BGP

Troubleshooting BGP is not an art, nor a science, it's straightforward methodical verification of each layer of functionality. Skip something and you'll be sitting on the phone for hours with tech support.

(BGP でトラブる時の典型的な事例に関しての解説。ほとんど事例がないけど、まぁ、よくある事例が取り上げられているので一応目を通しておくといいと思う。)

Troubleshooting BGP
(web 2003.10 NANOG 29)

Talks about Fundamentals of Troubleshooting, Local Configuration Problems, Internet Reachability Problems

(こちらも概説であって実際に適用できる事例は限られているけど、たぶん少しトラブルシュートの経験を積んだ後に戻って読むと腑に落ちることがたくさんあると思う。)

Troubleshooting Campus Networks: Practical Analysis of Cisco and LAN Protocols
(2002.07.19 608p $58.87)

This book provides tips and techniques for using protocol analyzers and other tools to recognize problems for both Cisco and multiprotocol traffic patterns. Focuses on troubleshooting problems that arise from the Cisco routers inter-operating with many other network protocols.

(この本も少し古いけど、基本的なアイディアはここ10年くらい変わってないから問題ないかと。本書は ISP のような大規模ネットワークよりも、キャンパスネットワークのように中規模だけどより多様性があるネットワークの構築・運用に的を絞っている。実はここは重要で、キャンパスネットワークの方がより幅の広い知識が求められる(たとえば 802.11 とか、ファイルサーバとか)ので、知識を広げたい場合に適している。)

Network Maintenance and Troubleshooting Guide: Field Tested Solutions for Everyday Problems (2nd Edition)
(2009.10.28 576p $27.29)

Coverage includes, Using the OSI model to more efficiently troubleshoot networks layer by layer, Copper and fiber-optic cabling: theory, operation, and troubleshooting, Media Access Control (MAC) Layer: Ethernet theory and operation, Identifying and resolving problems related to IPv4 and IPv6 protocols, Preventing problems before they occur, Discovering device behavior, Troubleshooting switches, Using a protocol analyzer more successfully, Creating network documentation that helps you more efficiently prevent and resolve problems

(トラブルシュートへの言及は後半1/3くらい。それも低位レイヤーのトラブルの話が多い模様。それは前半の内容からも分かる。正直、ネットワーキングの本で銅メディア、光ファイバメディアとか、MAC (Media Access Control) レイヤの解説にそれぞれ一章まるまる割いてる本はあまりないと思う。そういう意味で、低レイヤの勉強には非常に向いてそう。)

Programming for network operation

Foundations of Python Network Programming
(2004.08.17 512p $34.19)

This book is designed to show you everything from fundamentals of networking and low-level protocol design to work with higher-level protocols such as IMAP, HTTP, and FTP. This is not a basic reference like Python comes with. Rather, it's a hands-on guide. There are over 6600 lines of example code and the text strives to show you the big picture.

(Python によるネットワークプログラミングの本。実際ネットワーク管理をする上で、何かしらプログラミング言語が使えると非常に役に立つので、一つくらいは使えるようになっておくとよいだろう。中でも Python は標準のライブラリが充実しており、また比較的読みやすいコードを書きやすい言語のため、これから覚えるのには向いてるだろう。)

(http://nanog.cluepon.net/index.php/MailTopics#Books_for_the_NOC_guys.. にもリストがまとめられてる)

Google WiFi からやってみた

> host www.google.com
www.google.com is an alias for www.l.google.com.
www.l.google.com has address 74.125.19.104
www.l.google.com has address 74.125.19.147
www.l.google.com has address 74.125.19.106
www.l.google.com has address 74.125.19.105
www.l.google.com has address 74.125.19.103
www.l.google.com has address 74.125.19.99

> traceroute www.google.com
traceroute: Warning: www.google.com has multiple addresses; using 74.125.19.147
traceroute to www.l.google.com (74.125.19.147), 64 hops max, 52 byte packets
1 64.9.228.141 (64.9.228.141) 212.442 ms 6.423 ms 3.082 ms
2 8.6.48.5 (8.6.48.5) 391.046 ms 25.343 ms 21.362 ms
3 64.9.224.133 (64.9.224.133) 5.902 ms * 5.376 ms
4 72.14.219.104 (72.14.219.104) 26.970 ms 71.620 ms 3.027 ms
5 209.85.251.98 (209.85.251.98) 4.585 ms
209.85.249.42 (209.85.249.42) 8.705 ms 36.601 ms
6 nuq04s01-in-f147.1e100.net (74.125.19.147) 32.313 ms 28.661 ms 9.723 ms